CloudWatch alarms notify you when a metric crosses a threshold, helping you catch problems before users notice. Alarms are always based on metrics, so picking the right metrics and thresholds is key. You can set up alarms for things like Lambda errors, API Gateway 5xx errors, or DynamoDB throttles. Alarms can trigger actions like sending notifications via SNS, calling a Lambda, or scaling EC2. AWS provides alarm recommendations and code samples to help you get started.